What is Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS)?

TENS provides a form of pain relief which can be effective for some patients. TENS does this through the generation of a mild electrical stimulation applied to the skin on or near a painful area.

It gives pain relief in two ways – it reduces pain signals to the brain via the spinal cord and peripheral nervous system and it encourages the body to produce its own pain relief substances called endorphins.

As it is an external treatment it rarely has any side effects and will not interfere with any other medical treatment. Occasionally skin irritation can occur from the electrode pads.

What is a TENS machine?

A TENS machine has a small control box which contains a battery. Attached to this box are one or two leads, depending on the type of machine you have. At the far end of each lead are attachments for two
self-sticking electrode pads. Most modern TENS machines are designed to fit into a pocket or clip on to a
waist band.

Is TENS suitable for everyone?

TENS produces a mild electrical stimulation which does not cause any harm, however, if you have a cardiac pacemaker, certain skin conditions, epilepsy, are pregnant or if you are unsure, you should consult your GP or physiotherapist before using TENS.

Cautions

• Don’t drive or operate machinery while using a TENS machine.
• Don’t place electrodes on the front of the neck.
• Electrodes should not be placed on broken skin, over the eyes, in the mouth or internally.
• Don’t lend your machine to anyone else.
• Children should not use TENS machines.
• Don’t get the TENS machine wet.
• Don’t use the TENS machine if you have cancer.
• Do not sleep while wearing the TENS machine.

How to use the TENS machine

There are many TENS machines on the market and most include comprehensive operating manuals. General advice for standard TENS treatment is to:

• place the electrodes on your skin, two to four fingers apart, either side of where the pain is
• adjust the controls so that the stimulation you feel is strong but comfortable. It should not be painful
• use it for 30 to 60 minutes initially. Check for any skin irritation caused by the electrode pads. After, use for up to four hours in one session with a break of 30 to 60 minutes before using again.

It is advisable to change the position of the electrodes slightly each day to prevent your skin becoming sore.

Skin care

When you first start using the TENS machine it is important to check your skin before and after for a rash or blisters as these might indicate that you are allergic to the electrode pads. If this happens, stop using the machine, remove the electrode pads and contact the company you purchased your TENS machine from for its advice on electrodes for sensitive skin.

Useful websites

• www.britishpainsociety.org
• www.painmanagement.org.uk
• www.electrotherapy.org
• www.aacp.org.uk